BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction and stroke occur more frequently in the morning, suggesting a role of the circadian clock in these main causes of death, secondary to atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes in the process of atherosclerosis. METHODS: Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were used to establish animal models of early and advanced atherosclerosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and microarray assays were used to detect the expression of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes. RESULTS: Clock genes in ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mouse hearts exhibited daily oscillations at the messenger RNA level. However, the expression level and rhythm between ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice were significantly different. Moreover, the changes became more significant as atherosclerosis developed. c-Myc and p53 genes exhibited circadian expression in C57BL/6J mice at messenger RNA and protein levels. However, the rhythm in ApoE-/- mice disappeared completely. Bcl-2 and Bax did not show daily rhythm in either strain of mouse. Aside from apoptosis-related genes, several atherosclerosis-related genes expressed time-dependent behaviour in C57BL/6J mice but not in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythm changes of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes may play important roles in atherosclerosis and its complications.
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction and stroke occur more frequently in the morning, suggesting a role of the circadian clock in these main causes of death, secondary to atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes in the process of atherosclerosis. METHODS:Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were used to establish animal models of early and advanced atherosclerosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and microarray assays were used to detect the expression of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes. RESULTS: Clock genes in ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mouse hearts exhibited daily oscillations at the messenger RNA level. However, the expression level and rhythm between ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice were significantly different. Moreover, the changes became more significant as atherosclerosis developed. c-Myc and p53 genes exhibited circadian expression in C57BL/6J mice at messenger RNA and protein levels. However, the rhythm in ApoE-/- mice disappeared completely. Bcl-2 and Bax did not show daily rhythm in either strain of mouse. Aside from apoptosis-related genes, several atherosclerosis-related genes expressed time-dependent behaviour in C57BL/6J mice but not in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythm changes of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and atherosclerosis-related genes may play important roles in atherosclerosis and its complications.
Authors: J E Muller; P H Stone; Z G Turi; J D Rutherford; C A Czeisler; C Parker; W K Poole; E Passamani; R Roberts; T Robertson Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1985-11-21 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Heather M White; Anthony J Acton; Malgorzata M Kamocka; Robert V Considine Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Date: 2013-12-03 Impact factor: 4.310
Authors: Yusi Wang; Paramita Pati; Yiming Xu; Feng Chen; David W Stepp; Yuqing Huo; R Daniel Rudic; David J R Fulton Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-05-11 Impact factor: 3.240