A review of molecular techniques to type Candida glabrata isolates.

Candida glabrata has emerged as a common cause of fungal infection causing mucosal and systemic infections. This yeast is of concern because of its reduced antifungal susceptibility to azole antifungals such as fluconazole. A clear understanding of the epidemiology of Candida infection and colonisation required a reliable typing system for the evaluation of strain relatedness. In this study, we discuss the different molecular approaches for typing C. glabrata isolates. Recent advances in the use of molecular biology-based techniques have enabled investigators to develop typing systems with greater sensitivities. Several molecular genotypic approaches have been developed for fast and accurate identification of C. glabrata in vitro. These techniques have been widely used to study diverse aspects such as nosocomial transmission. Molecular typing of C. glabrata could also provide information on strain variation, such as microvariation and microevolution.