Microsatellite marker-mediated analysis of the EMBRAPA Rice Core Collection genetic diversity.

The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic structure of 242 accessions from the EMBRAPA Rice Core Collection (ERiCC), to create a mini-core collection and to develop a multiplex panel of fluorescent labeled simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Eighty-six SSRs were used to identify 1,066 alleles, with an average number of 12.4 alleles/locus and average polymorphism information content (PIC)/locus of 0.75. A model-based clustering method recognized the structure of the accessions on two levels, according to their cultivation system and origin. The most divergent subgroup identified was the worldwide lowland accessions, with the highest values for gene diversity (0.75), average Rogers distance modified by Wright (0.80), average number of alleles/locus (11.7) and private alleles (132). A mini-core was assembled with the most divergent 24 lowland and upland accessions. This mini-core displayed an average distance of 0.86, an average number of alleles/locus of 8.4 and an average PIC/locus of 0.8. From the 86 SSRs, 24 were selected to compose six multiplex panels in order to optimize the process of rice genotyping. This set of markers distinguished all 242 accessions, and showed an average PIC of 0.80 and an average number of alleles/locus of 15.4, higher than the entire set of 86 SSRs. Since the heterogeneity found in lines and cultivars of ERiCC was higher than expected, it is necessary to analyze pooled DNA samples to get a better estimate of genetic variability. The SSR characterization of ERiCC clearly indicates that there is high genetic variability in rice accessions stored in genebanks worldwide which can be promptly explored by rice pre-breeding programs.