OBJECTIVES: Due to its industrial application and frequent use as a coating material for food containers, bisphenol A (4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, BPA) is present in abundance in our environment. Data on intake levels of BPA are limited in preadolescent children in Japan. This study was designed to help us better understand the current state of BPA exposure in children in Japan. METHODS: We followed first graders (n = 104) attending school in a Tokyo suburb from 1998 until the sixth grade (2003), during which time we collected a total of three morning urine samples. Urinary BPA was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Ninety-four children were followed for 5 years. Median urinary BPA level was 2.66 ng/mg creatinine (CRE) (range 0.9-38.9) at first grade (1998), 1.52 ng/mg CRE (0.4-11.8) at third grade (2000), and 0.66 ng/mg CRE (0.2-8.5) at sixth grade (2003), showing a significant decrease in urinary BPA levels over a 5-year follow-up study (p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen between boys and girls at each grade. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary levels of BPA were relatively low throughout the study period; however, as the study progressed, we observed a significant decline in levels, the reason behind which is not yet clear.
OBJECTIVES: Due to its industrial application and frequent use as a coating material for food containers, bisphenol A (4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol, BPA) is present in abundance in our environment. Data on intake levels of BPA are limited in preadolescent children in Japan. This study was designed to help us better understand the current state of BPA exposure in children in Japan. METHODS: We followed first graders (n = 104) attending school in a Tokyo suburb from 1998 until the sixth grade (2003), during which time we collected a total of three morning urine samples. Urinary BPA was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Ninety-four children were followed for 5 years. Median urinary BPA level was 2.66 ng/mg creatinine (CRE) (range 0.9-38.9) at first grade (1998), 1.52 ng/mg CRE (0.4-11.8) at third grade (2000), and 0.66 ng/mg CRE (0.2-8.5) at sixth grade (2003), showing a significant decrease in urinary BPA levels over a 5-year follow-up study (p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen between boys and girls at each grade. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary levels of BPA were relatively low throughout the study period; however, as the study progressed, we observed a significant decline in levels, the reason behind which is not yet clear.
Authors: Manori J Silva; Dana B Barr; John A Reidy; Nicole A Malek; Carolyn C Hodge; Samuel P Caudill; John W Brock; Larry L Needham; Antonia M Calafat Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2004-03 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Antonia M Calafat; Xiaoyun Ye; Lee-Yang Wong; John A Reidy; Larry L Needham Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: David Cantonwine; John D Meeker; Howard Hu; Brisa N Sánchez; Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa; Adriana Mercado-García; Gamola Z Fortenberry; Antonia M Calafat; Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo Journal: Environ Health Date: 2010-10-18 Impact factor: 5.984