Impact of a health literacy intervention on pediatric emergency department use.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of a simple parent health literacy intervention on emergency department and primary care clinic usage patterns.
METHODS: Study participants consisted of parents who brought their children to the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center pediatric emergency department for nonurgent complaints. Study participants filled out questionnaires regarding their management of children's mild health complaints and where respondents first seek help when their children become sick. After completing the questionnaires, participants were educated about how to use the health aid book What to Do When Your Child Gets Sick and provided a free copy. After 6 months, telephone follow-up interviews were conducted to assess whether the health literacy intervention had influenced the participants' management of their children's mild health complaints and their health care resource usage patterns.
RESULTS: One hundred thirteen parents were enrolled in the preintervention phase, and 61 were successfully interviewed at 6 months by telephone. Before and after comparisons demonstrated a 13% reduction in the percentage of respondents who stated they would go to the emergency department first if their child became sick. In addition, 30% fewer respondents reported actual visits to the emergency department in the previous 6 months. Regarding specific low-acuity scenarios, significantly fewer participants would take their child to the emergency department for a low-grade fever with a temperature of 99.5 degrees F and for vomiting for 1 day. There was no significant change in the proportion of parents who would take their child to the emergency department for earache or cough.
CONCLUSIONS: Health literacy interventions may reduce nonurgent emergency department visits and help mitigate emergency department overcrowding and the rising costs of health care.