Nomograms for staging, prognosis, and predicting treatment outcomes.

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a wide prognostic spectrum and a variety of treatment options. Such a complex clinical scenario has led to uncertainty in risk assessment and prediction of outcome. Nomograms have served as scientific formulas designed to maximize the predictive accuracy. The use of nomograms in prostate cancer has been applied to many clinical states and outcomes and has provided the most accurate predictions. Cancer 2009;115(13 suppl):3107-11. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.