Distance estimation in vista space.

Although distance estimation has been extensively studied in the laboratory, our ability to judge large distances in the field is not well researched. We challenge the notion that large distances are uniformly underestimated. We presented different targets to observers at distances ranging from 25 to 500 m to obtain egocentric distance judgments in natural environments. Three experiments showed that observers tend to underestimate distances below 75 m in a large open field, whereas they overestimate farther distances. Both the eye height of the observer and the size of the target also influenced distance estimation. We conclude that the notion of a uniform vista space has to be reconceived.