INTRODUCTION: This in-vitro study investigated the loads (forces), moments, and moment-to-force ratios (M:F) generated during the activation and deactivation of T closing loops made of rectangular nickel-titanium (NiTi) and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) wires incorporating either 0 degrees, 15 degrees, or 30 degrees of preactivation. METHODS: T-loop designs were formed in the wires by using a standard template, and, for the NiTi alloys, a temperature of 510 degrees C for 9 minutes was used. Forces and moments of the T-loops were measured at 35.6 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, and these were used to calculate the M:F ratio. Analysis of covariance was used to identify statistical differences between wire alloy and preactivation. RESULTS: Nonpreactivated (0 degrees) closing loops failed to produce an optimum M:F ratio for translational tooth movement. With increasing preactivation, the M:F ratio increased over the deactivation range for both alloys. The NiTi T-loops produced an M:F ratio of greater than 10:1 over a larger deactivation range (while still delivering a force of 50-150 g) than for the equivalent TMA T-loop. The difference in M:F between the 0 degrees and 30 degrees TMA loops was statistically significant (P <0.000) but not between the equivalent NiTi loops (P <0.136). There was no statistical difference between the NiTi wire alloys at any preactivation angulation. CONCLUSIONS: Optimum M:F ratios for orthodontic translation can be achieved by using preactivated NiTi and TMA T-loops, with NiTi loops maintaining the optimum M:F ratio over a greater range of deactivation.
INTRODUCTION: This in-vitro study investigated the loads (forces), moments, and moment-to-force ratios (M:F) generated during the activation and deactivation of T closing loops made of rectangular nickel-titanium (NiTi) and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) wires incorporating either 0 degrees, 15 degrees, or 30 degrees of preactivation. METHODS: T-loop designs were formed in the wires by using a standard template, and, for the NiTi alloys, a temperature of 510 degrees C for 9 minutes was used. Forces and moments of the T-loops were measured at 35.6 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C, and these were used to calculate the M:F ratio. Analysis of covariance was used to identify statistical differences between wire alloy and preactivation. RESULTS: Nonpreactivated (0 degrees) closing loops failed to produce an optimum M:F ratio for translational tooth movement. With increasing preactivation, the M:F ratio increased over the deactivation range for both alloys. The NiTi T-loops produced an M:F ratio of greater than 10:1 over a larger deactivation range (while still delivering a force of 50-150 g) than for the equivalent TMA T-loop. The difference in M:F between the 0 degrees and 30 degrees TMA loops was statistically significant (P <0.000) but not between the equivalent NiTi loops (P <0.136). There was no statistical difference between the NiTi wire alloys at any preactivation angulation. CONCLUSIONS: Optimum M:F ratios for orthodontic translation can be achieved by using preactivated NiTi and TMA T-loops, with NiTi loops maintaining the optimum M:F ratio over a greater range of deactivation.