BACKGROUND: Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are severe psychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behaviour, with onset in the first 3 years of life. The appropriate use of pharmacotherapy can improve some aberrant symptoms and behaviours and increase the person's response to non-pharmacological interventions. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical outcomes, or symptom changes, and adverse effects during naturalistic treatment with aripiprazole monotherapy in children with PDDs and severe behavioural disorders (such as aggression against self and/or others, hostility, hyperactivity, severe impulsiveness). METHOD: This retrospective naturalistic study included 34 patients (23 males and 11 females, age range 4.5-15 years, mean age 10.2 +/- 3.3 years), admitted during 2006-2007, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and followed up for 4-12 months (mean 7.0 +/- 3.6 months). Outcome measures were three global measures of clinical and functional impairment and improvement from baseline: the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales; the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS); and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), a specific measure of PDD symptoms. RESULTS: The mean baseline CGI-S was 5.7 +/- 0.8 (markedly ill/severely ill). The mean final dosage of aripiprazole was 8.1 +/- 4.9 mg/day. At the endpoint, 11 patients (32.4%) were 'much improved' or 'very much improved' (CGI-I score of 1 or 2), 12 patients (35.3%) were 'minimally improved' (CGI-I score of 3) and 10 (29.4%) were 'unchanged' or 'worsened' (CGI-I score of 4 or 5). C-GAS and CARS scores significantly improved (p < 0.0001, effect sizes 0.59 and 0.62, respectively). Nine patients (26.5%) experienced moderate to severe agitation, which was associated with self-injurious behaviours in five of these patients, and five patients presented with sleep disorders. Twelve patients (35.3%) discontinued medication during the follow-up because of lack of efficacy or adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: In these severely impaired children with PDDs, aripiprazole monotherapy was associated with a significant improvement in maladaptive behaviours in one-third of patients. Agitation and insomnia were the most frequent adverse effects. Further controlled studies in larger samples to explore possible predictors of efficacy are warranted.
BACKGROUND: Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are severe psychiatric disorders characterized by impairment in social interactions, in verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and behaviour, with onset in the first 3 years of life. The appropriate use of pharmacotherapy can improve some aberrant symptoms and behaviours and increase the person's response to non-pharmacological interventions. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical outcomes, or symptom changes, and adverse effects during naturalistic treatment with aripiprazole monotherapy in children with PDDs and severe behavioural disorders (such as aggression against self and/or others, hostility, hyperactivity, severe impulsiveness). METHOD: This retrospective naturalistic study included 34 patients (23 males and 11 females, age range 4.5-15 years, mean age 10.2 +/- 3.3 years), admitted during 2006-2007, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and followed up for 4-12 months (mean 7.0 +/- 3.6 months). Outcome measures were three global measures of clinical and functional impairment and improvement from baseline: the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales; the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS); and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), a specific measure of PDD symptoms. RESULTS: The mean baseline CGI-S was 5.7 +/- 0.8 (markedly ill/severely ill). The mean final dosage of aripiprazole was 8.1 +/- 4.9 mg/day. At the endpoint, 11 patients (32.4%) were 'much improved' or 'very much improved' (CGI-I score of 1 or 2), 12 patients (35.3%) were 'minimally improved' (CGI-I score of 3) and 10 (29.4%) were 'unchanged' or 'worsened' (CGI-I score of 4 or 5). C-GAS and CARS scores significantly improved (p < 0.0001, effect sizes 0.59 and 0.62, respectively). Nine patients (26.5%) experienced moderate to severe agitation, which was associated with self-injurious behaviours in five of these patients, and five patients presented with sleep disorders. Twelve patients (35.3%) discontinued medication during the follow-up because of lack of efficacy or adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: In these severely impaired children with PDDs, aripiprazole monotherapy was associated with a significant improvement in maladaptive behaviours in one-third of patients. Agitation and insomnia were the most frequent adverse effects. Further controlled studies in larger samples to explore possible predictors of efficacy are warranted.
Authors: C J McDougle; J P Holmes; M R Bronson; G M Anderson; F R Volkmar; L H Price; D J Cohen Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 1997-05 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Robert L Findling; Adelaide Robb; Margaretta Nyilas; Robert A Forbes; Na Jin; Svetlana Ivanova; Ronald Marcus; Robert D McQuade; Taro Iwamoto; William H Carson Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2008-09-02 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Silza Tramontina; Cristian Patrick Zeni; Gabriel Ferreira Pheula; Carla Ketzer de Souza; Luis Augusto Rohde Journal: CNS Spectr Date: 2007-10 Impact factor: 3.790