Achievements, challenges, and promising new approaches in vitamin and mineral deficiency control.

Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) contribute significantly to the world's disease and mortality burden. Global efforts addressing MNDs have achieved significant yet heterogeneous progress across and within regions and countries. For vitamin A and iodine interventions, enhancing achievements in coverage require further political and financial commitment and targeting of hard-to-reach populations. Anemia control must focus on prevention among preschoolers and adolescent women and on integrated public health programs. Current international guidelines on iron supplementation and cut-off values for anemia need revision. For zinc, advocacy to accelerate the application of revised diarrhea management guidelines is critical, as are efficacy studies on food-based interventions and preventive supplementation.