BACKGROUND: While adverse rearing is thought to alter threat responding, the effects on appetitive behavior remains minimally explored. This study examines the effects that early life emotional adversity has on response to both threatening and appetitive stimuli in juvenile rhesus monkeys. METHODS: Twenty-four, 2-year-old monkeys with differential rearing histories were tested for fear-potentiated startle responding and consumption of an artificially sweetened solution. RESULTS: Relative to monkeys reared under typical conditions, monkeys removed from their mothers at birth and reared with peers demonstrated both increases in reward responding, as evidenced by greater consumption of a palatable solution in a free choice test, and increased threat responding, as evidenced by enhanced fear-potentiated startle responding. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that early rearing impacts juvenile manifestations of both appetitive and aversive emotional systems. Results are discussed in the context of development, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.
BACKGROUND: While adverse rearing is thought to alter threat responding, the effects on appetitive behavior remains minimally explored. This study examines the effects that early life emotional adversity has on response to both threatening and appetitive stimuli in juvenile rhesus monkeys. METHODS: Twenty-four, 2-year-old monkeys with differential rearing histories were tested for fear-potentiated startle responding and consumption of an artificially sweetened solution. RESULTS: Relative to monkeys reared under typical conditions, monkeys removed from their mothers at birth and reared with peers demonstrated both increases in reward responding, as evidenced by greater consumption of a palatable solution in a free choice test, and increased threat responding, as evidenced by enhanced fear-potentiated startle responding. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that early rearing impacts juvenile manifestations of both appetitive and aversive emotional systems. Results are discussed in the context of development, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.
Authors: Amanda E Guyer; Eric E Nelson; Koraly Perez-Edgar; Michael G Hardin; Roxann Roberson-Nay; Christopher S Monk; James M Bjork; Heather A Henderson; Daniel S Pine; Nathan A Fox; Monique Ernst Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2006-06-14 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Yair Bar-Haim; Nathan A Fox; Brenda Benson; Amanda E Guyer; Amber Williams; Eric E Nelson; Koraly Perez-Edgar; Daniel S Pine; Monique Ernst Journal: Psychol Sci Date: 2009-07-06
Authors: Simona Spinelli; Svetlana Chefer; Richard E Carson; Elaine Jagoda; Lixin Lang; Markus Heilig; Christina S Barr; Stephen J Suomi; J Dee Higley; Elliot A Stein Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2010-02-20 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Stal Saurav Shrestha; Eric E Nelson; Jeih-San Liow; Robert Gladding; Chul Hyoung Lyoo; Pam L Noble; Cheryl Morse; Ioline D Henter; Jeremy Kruger; Bo Zhang; Stephen J Suomi; Per Svenningsson; Victor W Pike; James T Winslow; Ellen Leibenluft; Daniel S Pine; Robert B Innis Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2014-03 Impact factor: 18.112