BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a commensal oral yeast in approximately one-third to one-half of the healthy population. To date, there are no studies investigating the multiple anti-candidal salivary constituents of healthy individuals with either nil or, consistent oral yeast carriage. OBJECTIVE: To compare the composition and anti-candidal activity in stimulated whole saliva of healthy 'consistent' oral Candida carriers with Candida-free individuals. METHODS: A sub-sample of 22 consistent, Candida-free individuals and 10 consistent Candida carriers were recruited from a 12 months screening study investigating oral Candida carriage in 97 healthy patients treated by fixed orthodontic appliances. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were collected. The following salivary attributes were measured using standard methodology: the flow rate, pH, lysozyme, lactoferrin and IgA concentration and, the degree of inhibition of blastoconidial growth and blastospore germination. RESULTS: Saliva from the Candida-free individuals showed 20.2% higher inhibition of blastoconidial growth (p < 0.05) of a reference strain of Candida albicans. No significant differences between the other salivary attributes of the two groups were found. CONCLUSION: The fact that saliva of Candida-free individuals significantly inhibited the blastoconidial growth more than Candida-carriers (p < 0.05) suggests that saliva may play a role in modulating oral candidal populations in health. Further studies, with a larger cohort are needed to confirm these findings and determine the factors that confer enhanced salivary anti-candidal activity.
BACKGROUND:Candida albicans is a commensal oral yeast in approximately one-third to one-half of the healthy population. To date, there are no studies investigating the multiple anti-candidal salivary constituents of healthy individuals with either nil or, consistent oral yeast carriage. OBJECTIVE: To compare the composition and anti-candidal activity in stimulated whole saliva of healthy 'consistent' oral Candida carriers with Candida-free individuals. METHODS: A sub-sample of 22 consistent, Candida-free individuals and 10 consistent Candida carriers were recruited from a 12 months screening study investigating oral Candida carriage in 97 healthy patients treated by fixed orthodontic appliances. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were collected. The following salivary attributes were measured using standard methodology: the flow rate, pH, lysozyme, lactoferrin and IgA concentration and, the degree of inhibition of blastoconidial growth and blastospore germination. RESULTS: Saliva from the Candida-free individuals showed 20.2% higher inhibition of blastoconidial growth (p < 0.05) of a reference strain of Candida albicans. No significant differences between the other salivary attributes of the two groups were found. CONCLUSION: The fact that saliva of Candida-free individuals significantly inhibited the blastoconidial growth more than Candida-carriers (p < 0.05) suggests that saliva may play a role in modulating oral candidal populations in health. Further studies, with a larger cohort are needed to confirm these findings and determine the factors that confer enhanced salivary anti-candidal activity.
Authors: H R Conti; O Baker; A F Freeman; W S Jang; S M Holland; R A Li; M Edgerton; S L Gaffen Journal: Mucosal Immunol Date: 2011-02-23 Impact factor: 7.313
Authors: Sandra Altarawneh; Sompop Bencharit; Luisito Mendoza; Alice Curran; David Barrow; Silvana Barros; John Preisser; Zvi G Loewy; Linda Gendreau; Steven Offenbacher Journal: J Prosthodont Date: 2012-10-25 Impact factor: 2.752
Authors: Christophe d'Enfert; Ann-Kristin Kaune; Leovigildo-Rey Alaban; Sayoni Chakraborty; Nathaniel Cole; Margot Delavy; Daria Kosmala; Benoît Marsaux; Ricardo Fróis-Martins; Moran Morelli; Diletta Rosati; Marisa Valentine; Zixuan Xie; Yoan Emritloll; Peter A Warn; Frédéric Bequet; Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux; Stephanie Bornes; Mark S Gresnigt; Bernhard Hube; Ilse D Jacobsen; Mélanie Legrand; Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann; Chaysavanh Manichanh; Carol A Munro; Mihai G Netea; Karla Queiroz; Karine Roget; Vincent Thomas; Claudia Thoral; Pieter Van den Abbeele; Alan W Walker; Alistair J P Brown Journal: FEMS Microbiol Rev Date: 2021-05-05 Impact factor: 16.408