Understanding breast cancer-related lymphoedema.

Breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is a chronic swelling of the upper limb following surgery to axillary lymph nodes. This clinical literature review considers the risk factors that have been identified for the development of BCRL: the extent of surgery to the breast and the axilla, radiotherapy, nodal status, infection and patient characteristics such as BMI and patient age. The management of BCRL is primarily conservative, but the evidence for pharmacological and surgical approaches is also considered.