Image-fusion, augmented reality, and predictive surgical navigation.

Computer-aided surgical navigation systems with fusion or overlaying capability, coupled with newer position tracking systems, can provide new opportunities to improve the precision of minimally invasive urology. Three-dimensional feedback of spatial position of surgical targets, and the predictive ability to guide laparoscopic dissection along the ideal surgical plane, with built-in safety checks and balances may help to lay the foundation for automated surgery in the future.