PURPOSE: To evaluate the independent and combined effects of alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of calcium urolithiasis. METHODS: A total of 354 cases diagnosed with calcium urolithiasis and 354 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between June 2003 and February 2007. All subjects completed a detailed questionnaire survey and provided blood and urine samples for biochemical evaluation. RESULTS: Current cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.11-2.50; p=0.014) and current betel quid chewing (OR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.06-3.64; p=0.032), but not current alcohol drinking, were found to be independent risk factors for the development of calcium urolithiasis. The joint risk of current cigarette smoking and current betel quid chewing was increased 3.73-fold (OR, 3.73; 95%CI, 1.81-7.70, p<0.001) compared to those who had neither habit. CONCLUSIONS: Both cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing are independent risk factors for the development of calcium urolithiasis. The risk effect is even strengthened when subjects have both habits. These findings suggest users can greatly reduce the risk of calcium urolithiasis if they quit these two habits.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the independent and combined effects of alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of calciumurolithiasis. METHODS: A total of 354 cases diagnosed with calciumurolithiasis and 354 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between June 2003 and February 2007. All subjects completed a detailed questionnaire survey and provided blood and urine samples for biochemical evaluation. RESULTS: Current cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.11-2.50; p=0.014) and current betel quid chewing (OR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.06-3.64; p=0.032), but not current alcohol drinking, were found to be independent risk factors for the development of calciumurolithiasis. The joint risk of current cigarette smoking and current betel quid chewing was increased 3.73-fold (OR, 3.73; 95%CI, 1.81-7.70, p<0.001) compared to those who had neither habit. CONCLUSIONS: Both cigarette smoking and betel quid chewing are independent risk factors for the development of calciumurolithiasis. The risk effect is even strengthened when subjects have both habits. These findings suggest users can greatly reduce the risk of calciumurolithiasis if they quit these two habits.
Authors: Michael Soueidan; Susan J Bartlett; Yasser A Noureldin; Ross E Andersen; Sero Andonian Journal: Can Urol Assoc J Date: 2015 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 1.862
Authors: Marcin Słojewski; Bogusław Czerny; Krzysztof Safranow; Marek Droździk; Andrzej Pawlik; Katarzyna Jakubowska; Maria Olszewska; Adam Gołab; Elzbieta Byra; Dariusz Chlubek; Andrzej Sikorski Journal: Urol Res Date: 2009-10-14
Authors: Diddier Prada; Jia Zhong; Elena Colicino; Antonella Zanobetti; Joel Schwartz; Nicholas Dagincourt; Shona C Fang; Itai Kloog; Joseph M Zmuda; Michael Holick; Luis A Herrera; Lifang Hou; Francesca Dominici; Benedetta Bartali; Andrea A Baccarelli Journal: Lancet Planet Health Date: 2017-11-09