Fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid-organ transplantation--focus on aspergillosis.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a major complication in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid-organ transplantation. The incidence of IFIs in transplant recipients has increased over the past 20 years, and these infections continue to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the important concepts guiding the management of IFIs in transplant recipients, including epidemiologic trends, new risk factors, and a timetable of infections, pathogens, therapy, and prevention of these infections. An emphasis is given to invasive aspergillosis.