OBJECTIVES: We investigated the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control (HbA1c) in adults with type 2 diabetes, and the extent to which that association was explained by health behaviors. METHODS: This study assessed data on 998 adults (aged 51 and above) with type 2 diabetes in the US nationally representative Health and Retirement Study and its diabetes-specific mail survey. Participants' depressive symptoms and baseline health behaviors (exercise, body weight control, and smoking status) were collected in 1998. Follow-up health behaviors and the glycemic control outcome were measured at a 2- and 5-year intervals, respectively. RESULTS: Nearly one in four of participants (23%) reported moderate or high levels of depressive symptoms at baseline (CES-D score >or=3). Adults with higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline showed lower scores on baseline and follow-up health behaviors as well as higher HbA1c levels at a 5-year follow-up. Structural equation models (SEM) reveal that health behaviors accounted for 13% of the link between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control was supported in the present study. Health behaviors, including exercise, body weight control, and smoking status, explained a sizable amount of the association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. More comprehensive diabetes self-care behaviors should be examined with available data. Other competing explicators for the link, such as endocrinological process and antidepressant effects, also warrant further examination.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control (HbA1c) in adults with type 2 diabetes, and the extent to which that association was explained by health behaviors. METHODS: This study assessed data on 998 adults (aged 51 and above) with type 2 diabetes in the US nationally representative Health and Retirement Study and its diabetes-specific mail survey. Participants' depressive symptoms and baseline health behaviors (exercise, body weight control, and smoking status) were collected in 1998. Follow-up health behaviors and the glycemic control outcome were measured at a 2- and 5-year intervals, respectively. RESULTS: Nearly one in four of participants (23%) reported moderate or high levels of depressive symptoms at baseline (CES-D score >or=3). Adults with higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline showed lower scores on baseline and follow-up health behaviors as well as higher HbA1c levels at a 5-year follow-up. Structural equation models (SEM) reveal that health behaviors accounted for 13% of the link between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control was supported in the present study. Health behaviors, including exercise, body weight control, and smoking status, explained a sizable amount of the association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. More comprehensive diabetes self-care behaviors should be examined with available data. Other competing explicators for the link, such as endocrinological process and antidepressant effects, also warrant further examination.
Authors: Robert C Andrews; Olive Herlihy; Dawn E W Livingstone; Ruth Andrew; Brian R Walker Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2002-12 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Amy M Kilbourne; Charles F Reynolds; Chester B Good; Susan M Sereika; Amy C Justice; Michael J Fine Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2005-03 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: M A Van Tilburg; C C McCaskill; J D Lane; C L Edwards; A Bethel; M N Feinglos; R S Surwit Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2001 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Emma Barinas-Mitchell; Lewis H Kuller; Kim Sutton-Tyrrell; Refaat Hegazi; Patricia Harper; Juliet Mancino; David E Kelley Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2006-10 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Ronald J Sigal; Glen P Kenny; Normand G Boulé; George A Wells; Denis Prud'homme; Michelle Fortier; Robert D Reid; Heather Tulloch; Douglas Coyle; Penny Phillips; Alison Jennings; James Jaffey Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2007-09-18 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Jeffrey S Gonzalez; Steven A Safren; Enrico Cagliero; Deborah J Wexler; Linda Delahanty; Eve Wittenberg; Mark A Blais; James B Meigs; Richard W Grant Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2007-05-29 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Sue M Penckofer; Carol Ferrans; Patricia Mumby; Mary Byrn; Mary Ann Emanuele; Patrick R Harrison; Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu; Patrick Lustman Journal: Ann Behav Med Date: 2012-10
Authors: Evan Atlantis; Robert D Goldney; Kerena A Eckert; Anne W Taylor; Patrick Phillips Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2011-05-18 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Kelsey L Kepler; Sharon E Perlman; Claudia Chernov; Lorna E Thorpe; Jennifer Hoenig; Christina Norman Journal: J Urban Health Date: 2018-12 Impact factor: 3.671
Authors: Rebekah J Walker; Brittany L Smalls; Melba A Hernandez-Tejada; Jennifer A Campbell; Kimberly S Davis; Leonard E Egede Journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry Date: 2012-08-13 Impact factor: 3.238
Authors: Magdalena Beran; Rutendo Muzambi; Anouk Geraets; Juan Rafael Albertorio-Diaz; Marcel C Adriaanse; Marjolein M Iversen; Andrzej Kokoszka; Giesje Nefs; Arie Nouwen; Frans Pouwer; Jörg W Huber; Andreas Schmitt; Miranda T Schram Journal: Diabet Med Date: 2021-09-05 Impact factor: 4.213
Authors: Rebekah J Walker; Brittany L Smalls; Jennifer A Campbell; Joni L Strom Williams; Leonard E Egede Journal: Endocrine Date: 2014-02-15 Impact factor: 3.633
Authors: Adrienne O'Neil; Emily D Williams; Christopher E Stevenson; Brian Oldenburg; Michael Berk; Kristy Sanderson Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2011-08-10 Impact factor: 4.328
Authors: Darla E Kendzor; Minxing Chen; Belinda M Reininger; Michael S Businelle; Diana W Stewart; Susan P Fisher-Hoch; Anne R Rentfro; David W Wetter; Joseph B McCormick Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2014-02-18 Impact factor: 3.295