Speech perception in children with speech output disorders.

Research in the field of speech production pathology is dominated by describing deficits in output. However, perceptual problems might underlie, precede, or interact with production disorders. The present study hypothesizes that the level of the production disorders is linked to level of perception disorders, thus lower-order production problems (such as childhood apraxia of speech; CAS) are linked to lower-order perception problems and higher-order production problems (phonological disorder; PD) are linked to higher-order perception problems. For this, various perception tasks were administered (non-word auditory discrimination task, word rhyming task, categorical classification, and discrimination task) in children with CAS, PD, or a mixture. The results show that children with PD only show higher-order perception problems, whereas children with CAS have difficulties on both lower- and higher-order perception tasks. In children with CAS, difficulties at lower-order processes might affect the higher-order processes in development. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between production and perception scores at different levels. Thus, a link between perception and production seems to be evident.