Capacitation status of fresh and frozen-thawed buffalo spermatozoa in relation to cholesterol level, membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium.

The present study was conducted to assess the capacitation status of fresh and frozen-thawed buffalo spermatozoa and its relationship with sperm cholesterol level, membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium. Semen from seven buffalo bulls (eight ejaculates each) was divided into two parts. Part I was used as fresh semen and part II was extended in Tris-egg yolk extender, equilibrated (4 degrees C for 4h) and frozen at -196 degrees C in LN(2). The fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa were assessed for capacitation status using chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescent assay, membrane fluidity using merocyanine 540/Yo-Pro-1 assay and intracellular calcium using Fluo-3 AM with flowcytometry. Results revealed a significant (P<0.01) increase in capacitated sperm population in frozen-thawed semen compared to fresh semen (42.21% vs 14.32%). Similarly, a significantly (P<0.01) higher proportion of frozen-thawed live spermatozoa showed high membrane fluidity (53.62% vs 25.67%) and high intracellular calcium (43.68% vs 11.72%) compared to fresh semen. The sperm cholesterol was significantly (P<0.01) reduced after freezing-thawing as compared to fresh semen. The proportion of capacitated spermatozoa (CTC pattern B) was positively correlated with the proportion of sperm with high intracellular calcium (r=0.81) and high membrane fluidity (r=0.65), and negatively correlated with cholesterol level (r=-0.56) in frozen-thawed semen. The membrane fluidity was also strongly associated with the cholesterol level and intracellular calcium. The study concluded that changes in buffalo spermatozoa and established the relationship among capacitation status, sperm cholesterol level, membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium concentration in frozen-thawed spermatozoa.