OBJECTIVE: To compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits. DESIGN: Two cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985-8 and the nutrition module 'EsKiMo' of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) from 2006, were analysed for differences in food and nutrient intakes stratified by age and sex groups. SETTING: Secondary analyses of data from representative observational studies. SUBJECTS: Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years living in Germany in the 1980s (n 2265) and in 2006 (n 2506). RESULTS: Food consumption was characterised by higher amounts of vegetables/pulses, fruits/nuts and beverages and less meat products/sausages, butter, fats/oils, potatoes/potato products and bread/pastries in 2006 than in 1985-8. The overall changes in food intake were reflected in improvements of macronutrient composition, increased water intake and lower energy density of the diet. Intake of most vitamins and minerals increased in relation to energy intake, but the nutrient density of the diet for vitamins B12 and D decreased. The most critical nutrients observed in NVS and EsKiMo were folate, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, Ca and Fe. In addition, dietary fibre intake was relatively low and fatty acid and carbohydrate compositions were not favourable. CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts will be necessary to improve dietary habits among children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits. DESIGN: Two cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985-8 and the nutrition module 'EsKiMo' of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) from 2006, were analysed for differences in food and nutrient intakes stratified by age and sex groups. SETTING: Secondary analyses of data from representative observational studies. SUBJECTS:Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years living in Germany in the 1980s (n 2265) and in 2006 (n 2506). RESULTS: Food consumption was characterised by higher amounts of vegetables/pulses, fruits/nuts and beverages and less meat products/sausages, butter, fats/oils, potatoes/potato products and bread/pastries in 2006 than in 1985-8. The overall changes in food intake were reflected in improvements of macronutrient composition, increased water intake and lower energy density of the diet. Intake of most vitamins and minerals increased in relation to energy intake, but the nutrient density of the diet for vitamins B12 and D decreased. The most critical nutrients observed in NVS and EsKiMo were folate, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, Ca and Fe. In addition, dietary fibre intake was relatively low and fatty acid and carbohydrate compositions were not favourable. CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts will be necessary to improve dietary habits among children and adolescents.
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Authors: A Hebestreit; C Börnhorst; V Pala; G Barba; G Eiben; T Veidebaum; C Hadjigergiou; D Molnár; M Claessens; J M Fernández-Alvira; I Pigeot Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2014-09 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Stefan Pilz; Winfried März; Kevin D Cashman; Mairead E Kiely; Susan J Whiting; Michael F Holick; William B Grant; Pawel Pludowski; Mickael Hiligsmann; Christian Trummer; Verena Schwetz; Elisabeth Lerchbaum; Marlene Pandis; Andreas Tomaschitz; Martin R Grübler; Martin Gaksch; Nicolas Verheyen; Bruce W Hollis; Lars Rejnmark; Spyridon N Karras; Andreas Hahn; Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari; Jörg Reichrath; Rolf Jorde; Ibrahim Elmadfa; Reinhold Vieth; Robert Scragg; Mona S Calvo; Natasja M van Schoor; Roger Bouillon; Paul Lips; Suvi T Itkonen; Adrian R Martineau; Christel Lamberg-Allardt; Armin Zittermann Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2018-07-17 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: G B M Mensink; R Fletcher; M Gurinovic; I Huybrechts; L Lafay; L Serra-Majem; L Szponar; I Tetens; J Verkaik-Kloosterman; A Baka; A M Stephen Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2013-01-14 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: C Lage Barbosa; A-K Brettschneider; M Haftenberger; F Lehmann; M Frank; K Heide; E Patelakis; H Perlitz; L Krause; R Houben; H G Butschalowsky; A Richter; P Kamtsiuris; G B M Mensink Journal: BMC Nutr Date: 2017-09-12