| Literature DB >> 19231595 |
Jason A Hackney1, Shahram Misaghi, Kate Senger, Christopher Garris, Yonglian Sun, Maria N Lorenzo, Ali A Zarrin.
Abstract
As part of the adaptive immune response, B cells alter their functional immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor genes through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and/or class switch recombination (CSR) via processes that are initiated by activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID). These genetic modifications are targeted at specific sequences known as Variable (V) and Switch (S) regions. Here, we analyze and review the properties and function of AID target sequences across species and compare them with non-Ig sequences, including known translocation hotspots. We describe properties of the S sequences, and discuss species and isotypic differences among S regions. Common properties of SHM and CSR target sequences suggest that evolution of S regions might involve the duplication and selection of SHM hotspots.Entities:
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2009 PMID: 19231595 DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)01005-5
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Adv Immunol ISSN: 0065-2776 Impact factor: 3.543