BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the effect of repeated hypercapnic challenges on the sensory (intensity [I]) and affective (unpleasantness [U]) dimensions of breathlessness. METHODS: Three subsequent rebreathing trials (Read, 1968) were administered to healthy men and women (n = 39). The I and U of breathlessness were rated every 20 s during the baseline, rebreathing, and recovery phases. Breathing behavior (fractional end-tidal CO(2) [Fetco(2)] and minute ventilation [Ve]) was monitored continuously. Intraindividual linear regression slopes for Fetco(2) and Ve] were calculated and standardized, separately for both rating dimensions. RESULTS: Both the absolute magnitude and the slope of the I of breathlessness were higher compared to U (p < 0.05). Across-trial habituation of the peak I and U of breathlessness occurred in both genders (p < 0.001), but habituation was larger for the U than for the I (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that the sensory and affective dimensions of breathlessness can meaningfully be distinguished during hypercapnic challenges and that repeated exposures have different effects on both dimensions.
BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the effect of repeated hypercapnic challenges on the sensory (intensity [I]) and affective (unpleasantness [U]) dimensions of breathlessness. METHODS: Three subsequent rebreathing trials (Read, 1968) were administered to healthy men and women (n = 39). The I and U of breathlessness were rated every 20 s during the baseline, rebreathing, and recovery phases. Breathing behavior (fractional end-tidal CO(2) [Fetco(2)] and minute ventilation [Ve]) was monitored continuously. Intraindividual linear regression slopes for Fetco(2) and Ve] were calculated and standardized, separately for both rating dimensions. RESULTS: Both the absolute magnitude and the slope of the I of breathlessness were higher compared to U (p < 0.05). Across-trial habituation of the peak I and U of breathlessness occurred in both genders (p < 0.001), but habituation was larger for the U than for the I (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that the sensory and affective dimensions of breathlessness can meaningfully be distinguished during hypercapnic challenges and that repeated exposures have different effects on both dimensions.
Authors: Andreas von Leupoldt; Andrea Vovk; Margaret M Bradley; Peter J Lang; Paul W Davenport Journal: Psychophysiology Date: 2010-10-29 Impact factor: 4.016
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Authors: Mark B Parshall; Richard M Schwartzstein; Lewis Adams; Robert B Banzett; Harold L Manning; Jean Bourbeau; Peter M Calverley; Audrey G Gift; Andrew Harver; Suzanne C Lareau; Donald A Mahler; Paula M Meek; Denis E O'Donnell Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2012-02-15 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Andreas von Leupoldt; Stefanie Brassen; Hans Jörg Baumann; Hans Klose; Christian Büchel Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-08-19 Impact factor: 3.240