PURPOSE: To optimize high-resolution MR spectroscopy (MRS) for obtaining neurochemical composition of adult zebrafish brain in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A flow-through setup for supporting MRS of living zebrafish has been designed. In vivo MR microscopy (MRM) images were obtained using a rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequence to select a volume of interest. In vivo MR spectra from zebrafish brain were obtained using an optimized point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence preceded by a variable pulse power and optimized relaxation delays (VAPOR) sequence for global water suppression interleaved with outer volume suppression (OVS). In vitro MR spectra in the brain extract were obtained by using correlated spectroscopy (COSY) sequences. RESULTS: Optimized high-resolution localized MRS at 9.4T in conjunction with a strong gradient system, efficient shimming, and the water suppression scheme resulted in a reasonable separation of resonances from various metabolites in vivo from a voxel as small as 3.3 microL placed in the zebrafish brain. In addition, more than 14 metabolites were identified in adult zebrafish brain extracts. CONCLUSION: We have successfully optimized a high-resolution localized in vivo MRS technique to get access to the zebrafish brain, and obtained for the first time the neurochemical composition of the zebrafish brain.
PURPOSE: To optimize high-resolution MR spectroscopy (MRS) for obtaining neurochemical composition of adult zebrafish brain in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A flow-through setup for supporting MRS of living zebrafish has been designed. In vivo MR microscopy (MRM) images were obtained using a rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequence to select a volume of interest. In vivo MR spectra from zebrafish brain were obtained using an optimized point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence preceded by a variable pulse power and optimized relaxation delays (VAPOR) sequence for global water suppression interleaved with outer volume suppression (OVS). In vitro MR spectra in the brain extract were obtained by using correlated spectroscopy (COSY) sequences. RESULTS: Optimized high-resolution localized MRS at 9.4T in conjunction with a strong gradient system, efficient shimming, and the water suppression scheme resulted in a reasonable separation of resonances from various metabolites in vivo from a voxel as small as 3.3 microL placed in the zebrafish brain. In addition, more than 14 metabolites were identified in adult zebrafish brain extracts. CONCLUSION: We have successfully optimized a high-resolution localized in vivo MRS technique to get access to the zebrafish brain, and obtained for the first time the neurochemical composition of the zebrafish brain.
Authors: Yi Ding; Robert-Jan Raterink; Rubén Marín-Juez; Wouter J Veneman; Koen Egbers; Susan van den Eeden; Mariëlle C Haks; Simone A Joosten; Tom H M Ottenhoff; Amy C Harms; A Alia; Thomas Hankemeier; Herman P Spaink Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-07-15 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Thomas Dickmeis; Yi Feng; Maria Caterina Mione; Nikolay Ninov; Massimo Santoro; Herman P Spaink; Philipp Gut Journal: Front Cell Dev Biol Date: 2019-02-19
Authors: Jeremy F P Ullmann; Fernando Calamante; Shaun P Collin; David C Reutens; Nyoman D Kurniawan Journal: Brain Struct Funct Date: 2013-11-07 Impact factor: 3.270
Authors: Gavin D Merrifield; James Mullin; Lindsay Gallagher; Carl Tucker; Maurits A Jansen; Martin Denvir; William M Holmes Journal: Magn Reson Imaging Date: 2016-10-14 Impact factor: 2.546