OBJECTIVES: The apolipoproteinE epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) allele and a history of depression are each separate risk factors for cognitive decline (CD). However, little research has investigated whether a history of depression influences the relationship between APOE epsilon4 and CD. The present study examined whether depressive symptoms had greater influence on subsequent CD among participants with APOE epsilon4 than those without the allele. DESIGN: Prospective 6-year longitudinal study. SETTING: Community in-home interviews. PARTICIPANTS: A biracial sample of community dwelling older adults (N = 1,992) from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE). MEASUREMENTS: Data were drawn from Waves 1 to 3 of the EPESE, which were conducted 6 years apart. Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms were assessed at both waves, and APOE genotyping was completed during the Wave 3 assessment. RESULTS: Regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms and the APOE epsilon4 allele independently predicted CD. Importantly, the influence of depressive symptoms on CD was greater for individuals with the APOE epsilon4 allele compared with those without the allele. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms and the APOE epsilon4 allele are independent contributors to CD. Moreover, the influence of depressive symptoms on CD is greater among individuals with the APOE epsilon4 allele. Depression and the APOE epsilon4 allele may act together in disrupting neurological functioning, which may in turn lower an individual's cognitive reserve capacity. Given the efficacious treatments currently available for depression, future research should investigate the extent to which interventions for depression may reduce the risk for subsequent CD.
OBJECTIVES: The apolipoproteinE epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) allele and a history of depression are each separate risk factors for cognitive decline (CD). However, little research has investigated whether a history of depression influences the relationship between APOE epsilon4 and CD. The present study examined whether depressive symptoms had greater influence on subsequent CD among participants with APOE epsilon4 than those without the allele. DESIGN: Prospective 6-year longitudinal study. SETTING: Community in-home interviews. PARTICIPANTS: A biracial sample of community dwelling older adults (N = 1,992) from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE). MEASUREMENTS: Data were drawn from Waves 1 to 3 of the EPESE, which were conducted 6 years apart. Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms were assessed at both waves, and APOE genotyping was completed during the Wave 3 assessment. RESULTS: Regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms and the APOE epsilon4 allele independently predicted CD. Importantly, the influence of depressive symptoms on CD was greater for individuals with the APOE epsilon4 allele compared with those without the allele. CONCLUSION:Depressive symptoms and the APOE epsilon4 allele are independent contributors to CD. Moreover, the influence of depressive symptoms on CD is greater among individuals with the APOE epsilon4 allele. Depression and the APOE epsilon4 allele may act together in disrupting neurological functioning, which may in turn lower an individual's cognitive reserve capacity. Given the efficacious treatments currently available for depression, future research should investigate the extent to which interventions for depression may reduce the risk for subsequent CD.
Authors: Robert C Green; L Adrienne Cupples; Alex Kurz; Sanford Auerbach; Rodney Go; Dessa Sadovnick; Ranjan Duara; Walter A Kukull; Helena Chui; Timi Edeki; Patrick A Griffith; Robert P Friedland; David Bachman; Lindsay Farrer Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2003-05
Authors: George S Zubenko; Wendy N Zubenko; Susan McPherson; Eleanor Spoor; Deborah B Marin; Martin R Farlow; Glenn E Smith; Yonas E Geda; Jeffrey L Cummings; Ronald C Petersen; Trey Sunderland Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2003-05 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Oscar L Lopez; William J Jagust; Corinne Dulberg; James T Becker; Steven T DeKosky; Annette Fitzpatrick; John Breitner; Constantine Lyketsos; Beverly Jones; Claudia Kawas; Michelle Carlson; Lewis H Kuller Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2003-10
Authors: Oscar L Lopez; William J Jagust; Steven T DeKosky; James T Becker; Annette Fitzpatrick; Corinne Dulberg; John Breitner; Constantine Lyketsos; Beverly Jones; Claudia Kawas; Michelle Carlson; Lewis H Kuller Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2003-10
Authors: Ruth T Morin; Philip Insel; Craig Nelson; Meryl Butters; David Bickford; Susan Landau; Andrew Saykin; Michael Weiner; R Scott Mackin Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2019-06-24 Impact factor: 2.892
Authors: Kumar B Rajan; Robert S Wilson; Kimberly A Skarupski; Carlos F Mendes de Leon; Denis A Evans Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2014-01-16 Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Ilan Dar-Nimrod; Benjamin P Chapman; Peter Franks; John Robbins; Anton Porsteinsson; Mark Mapstone; Paul R Duberstein Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2012-12 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Warren D Taylor; Brian Boyd; Rachel Turner; Douglas R McQuoid; Allison Ashley-Koch; James R MacFall; Ayman Saleh; Guy G Potter Journal: Brain Imaging Behav Date: 2017-02 Impact factor: 3.978
Authors: Wayne J Katon; Elizabeth H B Lin; Lisa H Williams; Paul Ciechanowski; Susan R Heckbert; Evette Ludman; Carolyn Rutter; Paul K Crane; Malia Oliver; Michael Von Korff Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2010-01-28 Impact factor: 5.128