Genotyping of Scedosporium species: a review of molecular approaches.

Scedosporium species are increasingly encountered opportunistic fungal pathogens not only in immunocompromised patients but are also significant primary pathogens in immunocompetent individuals. The environmental reservoir of these fungi is uncertain and the epidemiology and mode of transmission are not well-defined. Conventional phenotypic methods are of limited use for epidemiological purposes since they are insensitive and inadequately discriminatory. Molecular techniques not only enable accurate phylogenetic delineation of species but also provide the means for rapid, reliable genotyping of strains for epidemiological and population genetic studies. This review discusses the methods that have been applied for genotyping of these increasingly important pathogens.