Validation of the use of nonnaive surgically catheterized rats for pharmacokinetics studies.

Although large animals, such as dogs and nonhuman primates, often are used for more than 1 pharmacokinetics study, common practice is to use only naive rodents for pharmacokinetics studies. We undertook a series of studies to validate whether surgically cannulated nonnaive rats could be used again after a 7-d washout. When vascular catheters are cared for appropriately, we find that they remain patent for more than 2 wk, with negligible drug carryover. Hematocrit decreased approximately 11% after pharmacokinetics studies but rebounded to prestudy levels after a 7-d washout. We empirically tested whether drugs known to alter drug disposition (1-aminobenzotriazole and quinidine) had residual effects on drug disposition after a 7-d washout and found that they did not. This finding suggests that after a 7-d washout, nonnaive rats likely would produce pharmacokinetics data similar to those of naive rats. We also tested reference compounds in naive and nonnaive rats and found no difference in pharmacokinetics parameters. Using surgically cannulated rats for a second study was feasible because of the relatively noninvasive nature of pharmacokinetics sampling (unrestrained rats attached to automated blood samplers). In addition, reusing surgically altered animals yields considerable cost savings. Our studies indicate that pharmacokinetics parameters did not differ significantly between naive and nonnaive rats. Cost-benefit analysis, monetary considerations, and validation studies support using rats for a second study after a 7-d washout period.