SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all cause mortality. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the metabolic syndrome, and its individual components, on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a prospective population-based study. METHODS: Individual components of the metabolic syndrome were registered in 6170 subjects aged 25-84 years in the Tromsø Study in 1994-1995, and first ever VTE events were registered until 1 September 2007. RESULTS: The metabolic syndrome was present in 21.9% (1350 subjects) of the population. There were 194 validated first VTE events (2.92 per 1000 person-years) during a mean of 10.8 years of follow-up. Presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk of VTE (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.23) in age- and gender-adjusted analysis. The risk of VTE increased with the number of components in the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001). Abdominal obesity was the only component significantly associated with VTE in multivariable analysis including age, gender, and the individual components of the syndrome (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.49-2.75). When abdominal obesity was omitted as a diagnostic criterion, none of the other components, alone or in cluster, was associated with increased risk of VTE. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence for the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for TE. Abdominal obesity appeared to be the pivotal risk factor among the individual components of the syndrome.
SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all cause mortality. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the metabolic syndrome, and its individual components, on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a prospective population-based study. METHODS: Individual components of the metabolic syndrome were registered in 6170 subjects aged 25-84 years in the Tromsø Study in 1994-1995, and first ever VTE events were registered until 1 September 2007. RESULTS: The metabolic syndrome was present in 21.9% (1350 subjects) of the population. There were 194 validated first VTE events (2.92 per 1000 person-years) during a mean of 10.8 years of follow-up. Presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk of VTE (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.23) in age- and gender-adjusted analysis. The risk of VTE increased with the number of components in the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001). Abdominal obesity was the only component significantly associated with VTE in multivariable analysis including age, gender, and the individual components of the syndrome (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.49-2.75). When abdominal obesity was omitted as a diagnostic criterion, none of the other components, alone or in cluster, was associated with increased risk of VTE. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence for the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for TE. Abdominal obesity appeared to be the pivotal risk factor among the individual components of the syndrome.
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Authors: Walter Ageno; Matteo N D Di Minno; Cihan Ay; Moon Ju Jang; John-Bjarne Hansen; Lyn M Steffen; Amparo Vayà; Marcello Rattazzi; Ingrid Pabinger; Doyeun Oh; Giovanni Di Minno; Sigrid K Braekkan; Mary Cushman; Elena Bonet; Paolo Pauletto; Alessandro Squizzato; Francesco Dentali Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2014-09-11 Impact factor: 8.311
Authors: James Douketis; Alberto Tosetto; Maura Marcucci; Trevor Baglin; Benilde Cosmi; Mary Cushman; Paul Kyrle; Daniela Poli; R Campbell Tait; Alfonso Iorio Journal: BMJ Date: 2011-02-24