Rigor in feminist research.

Verifying the scientific adequacy of feminist studies is necessary to assure that research processes and outcomes are well grounded, cogent, justifiable, and relevant. The authors analyze what scientific adequacy means in feminist inquiry and propose standards of rigor by which nurse investigators can plan and evaluate their studies. In the process, conventional empiricist criteria of reliability and validity are critiqued, and more appropriate concepts representing dimensions of adequacy in feminist research are presented.