[Bacterial diarrheas and antibiotics: European recommendations].

The need to limit unnecessary antibiotic treatments and recent studies with unusual antibiotics in pediatrics (fluoroquinolones) or in digestive tract infections (azithromycin) have led to update the treatment of acute gastro-enteritis. In 2007, the European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the European Society for Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition have issued guidelines. The proven shigellosis as well as the strong suspicion have to be treated promptly with antibiotics, mainly azithromycin. There is no argument to treat moderate salmonella gastroenteritis or carriage. However, the severe cases and those occurring in high risk patient must be treated (ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone). It is recommended to treat diarrhoea due to Campylobacter jejuni in case of early diagnosis. The presumptive antibiotic treatment should be limited but can not be dismissed, in invasive cases gastro-enteritis, especially in traveller children.