Microbial distribution and diversity in saturated, high pH, uranium mine tailings, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Microbiological analyses were conducted on core samples collected along a vertical profile (0-66 m below surface) from the tailings management facility (TMF) at the Rabbit Lake uranium mine in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Bacterial numbers in the core materials were similar to surrounding soils and surface waters, regardless of the seemingly unfavorable pH (mean=9.9) and temperature (approximately 0 degrees C) in the TMF. The greatest number of viable cells (105 CFU/g) was detected at the interface between the tailings and overlying standing water, below which cell counts decreased rapidly with depth. Whole-community metabolic profiles for samples from the different depths grouped into 3 clusters; however, these groups could not be positively correlated with sampling depth, temperature, redox potential, pH, or ore-mill feed. Flow-cell studies demonstrated microbial communities in the tailings surface water could develop biofilms and maintain cell activity at both pH 10 and 7, and altering the pH between these 2 values had little effect on biofilm viability. These results demonstrate the resilience and adaptive nature of naturally occurring microbial communities and signify a potential role of microbial activity in the long-term geochemical evolution of the TMF.