Determining biological noise via single cell analysis.

Single cell analysis techniques describe the cellular heterogeneity that originates from fundamental stochastic variations in each of the molecular processes underlying cell function. The quantitative description of this set of variations is called biological noise and includes intrinsic and extrinsic noise. The former refers to stochastic variations directly involved with a given process, while the latter is due to environmental factors associated with other processes. Mathematical models are successful in predicting noise trends in simple biological systems, but it takes single cell techniques such as flow cytometry and time lapse microscopy to determine and dissect biological noise. This review describes several approaches that have been successfully used to describe biological noise.