PURPOSE: To investigate the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and other risk factors with renal scarring in patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients from North-west India were treated for PUV in 1997-2004. The patients were divided into group 1 (no renal scarring, n=12) and group 2 (renal scars present, n=28) based on dimercato-succinic acid scans. ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction in PUV patients and unrelated healthy controls (n=100). RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 23.7+/-37.2 months and mean follow up was 4.8+/-1.5 years. Preoperative mean serum creatinine levels for group 1 (non-scarred) and group 2 (scarred) were 1.1+/-1.6 mg/dl and 1.7+/-1.6 mg/dl, respectively. One year after treatment, the serum creatinine levels had decreased to 0.6+/-0.1 mg/dl and 0.8+/-0.3 mg/dl in group 1 and group 2, respectively. ACE genotype distribution in children with PUV was no different from that of controls. The occurrence of D allele was significantly (p=0.04) higher in patients of group 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that D allele had a significant impact on renal scar formation, introducing a 4.6-fold risk (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.03-20.38, p=0.04). A highly significant correlation between the occurrence of renal scarring and presence of breakthrough urinary tract infection (odds ratio=7.5, 95% confidence interval 1.60-35.07, p=0.006) and serum creatinine at follow up (odds ratio=0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.81, p=0.03) was observed. The mean values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after 1 year of treatment (p=0.006) and at follow up (p=0.027) were significantly different between the patients with II genotype and ID/DD genotype. Hypertension was observed in 13 patients and proteinuria in nine patients with no significant difference between the patients having II/I D/DD genotypes. CONCLUSION: The presence of D allele is associated with progression of renal scarring and reduced GFR in PUV patients.
PURPOSE: To investigate the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and other risk factors with renal scarring in patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients from North-west India were treated for PUV in 1997-2004. The patients were divided into group 1 (no renal scarring, n=12) and group 2 (renal scars present, n=28) based on dimercato-succinic acid scans. ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction in PUV patients and unrelated healthy controls (n=100). RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 23.7+/-37.2 months and mean follow up was 4.8+/-1.5 years. Preoperative mean serum creatinine levels for group 1 (non-scarred) and group 2 (scarred) were 1.1+/-1.6 mg/dl and 1.7+/-1.6 mg/dl, respectively. One year after treatment, the serum creatinine levels had decreased to 0.6+/-0.1 mg/dl and 0.8+/-0.3 mg/dl in group 1 and group 2, respectively. ACE genotype distribution in children with PUV was no different from that of controls. The occurrence of D allele was significantly (p=0.04) higher in patients of group 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that D allele had a significant impact on renal scar formation, introducing a 4.6-fold risk (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.03-20.38, p=0.04). A highly significant correlation between the occurrence of renal scarring and presence of breakthrough urinary tract infection (odds ratio=7.5, 95% confidence interval 1.60-35.07, p=0.006) and serum creatinine at follow up (odds ratio=0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.81, p=0.03) was observed. The mean values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after 1 year of treatment (p=0.006) and at follow up (p=0.027) were significantly different between the patients with II genotype and ID/DD genotype. Hypertension was observed in 13 patients and proteinuria in nine patients with no significant difference between the patients having II/I D/DD genotypes. CONCLUSION: The presence of D allele is associated with progression of renal scarring and reduced GFR in PUV patients.
Authors: Loes F M van der Zanden; Iris A L M van Rooij; Josine S L T Quaedackers; Rien J M Nijman; Martijn Steffens; Liesbeth L L de Wall; Ernie M H F Bongers; Franz Schaefer; Marietta Kirchner; Rouven Behnisch; Aysun K Bayazit; Salim Caliskan; Lukasz Obrycki; Giovanni Montini; Ali Duzova; Matthias Wuttke; Rachel Jennings; Neil A Hanley; Natalie J Milmoe; Paul J D Winyard; Kirsten Y Renkema; Michiel F Schreuder; Nel Roeleveld; Wout F J Feitz Journal: Eur Urol Open Sci Date: 2021-04-24