Rosy Reynolds1, Russell Hope, Laura Williams. 1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK. rreynolds@bsac.org.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) Bacteraemia and Respiratory Resistance Surveillance Programmes are designed for long-term surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in key pathogens of bloodstream and community-acquired respiratory infection in the UK and Ireland. This paper describes their methods in detail. METHODS: Sentinel laboratories across the UK and Ireland contributed up to a fixed quota of isolates of defined bacterial groups. Collecting laboratories were compared with national benchmarks for size of Hospital Trust and distribution of bacteraemia pathogens. A central laboratory for each programme confirmed the identification of isolates, measured MICs by the BSAC agar dilution method and undertook further testing by standard methods. The variability of the MIC method was assessed by repeated annual testing of a panel of control isolates. Classification as susceptible, intermediate or resistant was by BSAC and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints. Statistical analysis was adjusted for inter-centre variation using random effects logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-two laboratories contributed 16 550 respiratory isolates from 1999-2000 to 2006-07; 30 laboratories contributed 15 812 bacteraemia isolates from 2001 to 2006. Although large and teaching hospitals were over-represented, the pattern of bacteraemia organisms seen in the collecting laboratories in England and Wales was similar to that in national data reported to the Health Protection Agency. Replicate MIC measurements showed that >/=90% agreed within +/-1, and >/=98% within +/-2, doubling dilutions. CONCLUSIONS: These surveillance programmes have provided reliable information on antimicrobial susceptibility in the UK and Ireland over six and eight seasons, respectively, so far. Detailed results showing non-susceptibility trends, and relationships with potential predictive factors, are presented in six linked papers in this Supplement.
OBJECTIVES: The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) Bacteraemia and Respiratory Resistance Surveillance Programmes are designed for long-term surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in key pathogens of bloodstream and community-acquired respiratory infection in the UK and Ireland. This paper describes their methods in detail. METHODS: Sentinel laboratories across the UK and Ireland contributed up to a fixed quota of isolates of defined bacterial groups. Collecting laboratories were compared with national benchmarks for size of Hospital Trust and distribution of bacteraemia pathogens. A central laboratory for each programme confirmed the identification of isolates, measured MICs by the BSAC agar dilution method and undertook further testing by standard methods. The variability of the MIC method was assessed by repeated annual testing of a panel of control isolates. Classification as susceptible, intermediate or resistant was by BSAC and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints. Statistical analysis was adjusted for inter-centre variation using random effects logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-two laboratories contributed 16 550 respiratory isolates from 1999-2000 to 2006-07; 30 laboratories contributed 15 812 bacteraemia isolates from 2001 to 2006. Although large and teaching hospitals were over-represented, the pattern of bacteraemia organisms seen in the collecting laboratories in England and Wales was similar to that in national data reported to the Health Protection Agency. Replicate MIC measurements showed that >/=90% agreed within +/-1, and >/=98% within +/-2, doubling dilutions. CONCLUSIONS: These surveillance programmes have provided reliable information on antimicrobial susceptibility in the UK and Ireland over six and eight seasons, respectively, so far. Detailed results showing non-susceptibility trends, and relationships with potential predictive factors, are presented in six linked papers in this Supplement.
Authors: M J Day; M Doumith; J Abernethy; R Hope; R Reynolds; J Wain; D M Livermore; N Woodford Journal: J Antimicrob Chemother Date: 2016-05-05 Impact factor: 5.790
Authors: Douglas Teodoro; Emilie Pasche; Julien Gobeill; Stéphane Emonet; Patrick Ruch; Christian Lovis Journal: J Med Internet Res Date: 2012-05-29 Impact factor: 5.428
Authors: Sandra Reuter; M Estée Török; Matthew T G Holden; Rosy Reynolds; Kathy E Raven; Beth Blane; Tjibbe Donker; Stephen D Bentley; David M Aanensen; Hajo Grundmann; Edward J Feil; Brian G Spratt; Julian Parkhill; Sharon J Peacock Journal: Genome Res Date: 2015-12-15 Impact factor: 9.043
Authors: H Ciesielczuk; C Jenkins; M Chattaway; M Doumith; R Hope; N Woodford; D W Wareham Journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Date: 2016-06-22 Impact factor: 3.267
Authors: Carmen Sheppard; Norman K Fry; Shazad Mushtaq; Neil Woodford; Rosy Reynolds; Regina Janes; Rachel Pike; Robert Hill; Maimuna Kimuli; Peter Staves; Michel Doumith; Timothy Harrison; David M Livermore Journal: Euro Surveill Date: 2016-12-15
Authors: Teemu Kallonen; Hayley J Brodrick; Simon R Harris; Jukka Corander; Nicholas M Brown; Veronique Martin; Sharon J Peacock; Julian Parkhill Journal: Genome Res Date: 2017-07-18 Impact factor: 9.043