Ethanol intoxication increases hepatic N-lysyl protein acetylation.

The acetylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine to form N-acetyl lysine (N-AcLys)-modified proteins regulates the activity of metabolic proteins. Because of the multiple effects of ethanol upon hepatic metabolism, it was hypothesized that ethanol exposure increases the hepatic content of N-AcLys-modified proteins. To test this hypothesis, rats or mice were exposed to ethanol using a liquid diet regimen. Content of N-AcLys-modified proteins was elevated more than 5-fold after 6 weeks of ethanol exposure and persisted after ethanol withdrawal. Use of CYP2E1-knockout mice demonstrated that ethanol-induced acetylation was not dependent solely on CYP2E1 expression. The mitochondrial content of N-AcLys-modified proteins was elevated almost 5-fold following 6 weeks of ethanol exposure. Mitochondrial content of the deacetylase Sirt3 was unchanged by 6 weeks of ethanol exposure. These data indicate ethanol intoxication changes the acetylation status of, and likely the activity of, multiple mitochondrial proteins.