Effects of whole body vibration on the skeleton and other organ systems in man and animal models: what we know and what we need to know.

Previous investigations reported enhanced osseous parameters subsequent to administration of whole body vibration (WBV). While the efficacy of WBV continues to be explored, scientific inquiries should consider several key factors. Bone remodeling patterns differ according to age and hormonal status. Therefore, WBV protocols should be designed specifically for the subject population investigated. Further, administration of WBV to individuals at greatest risk for osteoporosis may elicit secondary physiological benefits (e.g., improved balance and mobility). Secondly, there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the physiological modulation of WBV on other organ systems and tissues. Vibration-induced modulation of systemic hormones may provide a mechanism by which skeletal tissue is enhanced. Lastly, the most appropriate frequencies, durations, and amplitudes of vibration necessary for a beneficial response are unknown, and the type of vibratory signal (e.g., sinusoidal) is often not reported. This review summarizes the physiological responses of several organ systems in an attempt to link the global influence of WBV. Further, we report findings focused on subject populations that may benefit most from such a therapy (i.e., the elderly, postmenopausal women, etc.) in hopes of eliciting multidisciplinary scientific inquiries into this potentially therapeutic aid which presumably has global ramifications.