The bovine genome.

In approximately 20 years, bovine genomics has progressed from synteny mapping of protein gene products to a nearly completed 7.5x whole genome sequence. The cattle genome map serves as a prototype for genomic studies in other bovids such as goats, sheep, and river buffalo in which chromosome arms are totally conserved at the current level of cytogenetic and map comparison. Cattle genomics has contributed to the discovery of genes underlying economically important phenotypes including quantitative traits, to the development of bovine models of human diseases, and to our understanding of mammalian chromosome evolution.