Detection and identification of mycoplasmas by amplification of rDNA.

Alignment of published 16S rRNA sequences allowed the definition of a pair of oligonucleotides suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using this pair of PCR primers, several mycoplasmas including the four human parasites Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis, M. salivarium and M. orale were detected. This DNA amplification was restricted to species of the genus Mycoplasma while no cross-reaction was observed with DNA from other bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Subsequent analysis of amplified products by either specific oligonucleotide hybridization or dideoxy sequencing specified the identity of the detected mycoplasmas. This method offers a highly discriminating and sensitive assay for the direct detection and identification of these microorganisms without the need for prior cultivation.