BACKGROUND: Phthalates are synthetic chemicals that are ubiquitous in our society and may have adverse health effects in humans. Detectable concentrations of phthalate metabolites have been found in adults and children, but no studies have examined the relationship between maternal and infant phthalate metabolite concentrations. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between maternal and infant urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. METHODS: We measured nine phthalate metabolites in urine samples from 210 mother/infant pairs collected on the same study visit day (1999-2005) and obtained demographic history from questionnaires. Using multivariate linear regression analyses, we examined the degree to which maternal urine phthalate metabolite concentration predicted infant phthalate metabolite concentration. All analyses were adjusted for infant age, creatinine concentration, and race. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between phthalate metabolite concentrations in the urine of mothers and their infants were generally low but increased with decreasing age of infant. In multivariate analyses, mother's phthalate metabolite concentrations were significantly associated with infants' concentrations for six phthalate metabolites: monobenzyl phthalate, monoethyl phthalate, monoisobutyl phthalate, and three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy-hexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl) phthalate (p-values for all coefficients <0.05). DISCUSSION: Mother's urine phthalate metabolite concentration is significantly associated with infant urine phthalate metabolite concentration for six phthalate metabolites. It is plausible that shared exposures to phthalates in the immediate surrounding environment accounted for these relationships, but other unidentified sources may also contribute to infants' phthalate exposures. This study indicates the importance of further identifying infant phthalate exposures that may be distinct from maternal exposures in order to decrease overall infant phthalate exposures.
BACKGROUND:Phthalates are synthetic chemicals that are ubiquitous in our society and may have adverse health effects in humans. Detectable concentrations of phthalate metabolites have been found in adults and children, but no studies have examined the relationship between maternal and infantphthalate metabolite concentrations. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between maternal and infant urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. METHODS: We measured nine phthalate metabolites in urine samples from 210 mother/infant pairs collected on the same study visit day (1999-2005) and obtained demographic history from questionnaires. Using multivariate linear regression analyses, we examined the degree to which maternal urine phthalate metabolite concentration predicted infantphthalate metabolite concentration. All analyses were adjusted for infant age, creatinine concentration, and race. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between phthalate metabolite concentrations in the urine of mothers and their infants were generally low but increased with decreasing age of infant. In multivariate analyses, mother's phthalate metabolite concentrations were significantly associated with infants' concentrations for six phthalate metabolites: monobenzyl phthalate, monoethyl phthalate, monoisobutyl phthalate, and three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxy-hexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl) phthalate (p-values for all coefficients <0.05). DISCUSSION: Mother's urine phthalate metabolite concentration is significantly associated with infant urine phthalate metabolite concentration for six phthalate metabolites. It is plausible that shared exposures to phthalates in the immediate surrounding environment accounted for these relationships, but other unidentified sources may also contribute to infants' phthalate exposures. This study indicates the importance of further identifying infantphthalate exposures that may be distinct from maternal exposures in order to decrease overall infantphthalate exposures.
Authors: Kerstin Becker; Margarete Seiwert; Jürgen Angerer; Wolfgang Heger; Holger M Koch; Regine Nagorka; Elke Rosskamp; Christoph Schlüter; Bernd Seifert; Detlef Ullrich Journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health Date: 2004-10 Impact factor: 5.840
Authors: Manori J Silva; A Ryan Slakman; John A Reidy; James L Preau; Arnetra R Herbert; Ella Samandar; Larry L Needham; Antonia M Calafat Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Date: 2004-06-05 Impact factor: 3.205
Authors: Sheela Sathyanarayana; Catherine J Karr; Paula Lozano; Elizabeth Brown; Antonia M Calafat; Fan Liu; Shanna H Swan Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2008-02 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Carl-Gustaf Bornehag; Jan Sundell; Charles J Weschler; Torben Sigsgaard; Björn Lundgren; Mikael Hasselgren; Linda Hägerhed-Engman Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2004-10 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Barbara Kolarik; Kiril Naydenov; Malin Larsson; Carl-Gustaf Bornehag; Jan Sundell Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Haydee M Jacobs; Karilyn E Sant; Aviraj Basnet; Larissa M Williams; Jennifer B Moss; Alicia R Timme-Laragy Journal: Chemosphere Date: 2017-12-15 Impact factor: 7.086
Authors: Karen Huen; Antonia M Calafat; Asa Bradman; Paul Yousefi; Brenda Eskenazi; Nina Holland Journal: Environ Res Date: 2016-03-25 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Paul J Lioy; Russ Hauser; Chris Gennings; Holger M Koch; Philip E Mirkes; Bernard A Schwetz; Andreas Kortenkamp Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2015-05-06 Impact factor: 5.563
Authors: Barry Weinberger; Anna M Vetrano; Faith E Archer; Stephen W Marcella; Brian Buckley; Daniel Wartenberg; Mark G Robson; Jammie Klim; Sana Azhar; Sarah Cavin; Lu Wang; David Q Rich Journal: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med Date: 2013-07-18
Authors: Khursheed Iqbal; Diana A Tran; Arthur X Li; Charles Warden; Angela Y Bai; Purnima Singh; Xiwei Wu; Gerd P Pfeifer; Piroska E Szabó Journal: Genome Biol Date: 2015-03-27 Impact factor: 13.583
Authors: Karilyn E Sant; Haydee M Jacobs; Jiali Xu; Katrina A Borofski; Larry G Moss; Jennifer B Moss; Alicia R Timme-Laragy Journal: Toxics Date: 2016-09-02