BACKGROUND: Analyzing the impact of the intake of many foods simultaneously provides additional knowledge about analyses of nutrients and might make it easier to implement recommendations for the public. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine food patterns in a Swedish population and determine how they are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: The study is based on data from the INTERGENE population study of women and men aged 25-74 y in western Sweden. Dietary patterns were identified with cluster analysis of 93 food frequencies reported by 3452 participants. Associations with features of the metabolic syndrome, including blood lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures, were analyzed. RESULTS: Five distinct food patterns were identified, of which one was interpreted as a "healthy" reference pattern. This healthy cluster was distinguished by more frequent consumption of high-fiber and low-fat foods and lower consumption of products rich in fat and sugar. The 4 other clusters differed significantly from the reference cluster with respect to prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. For example, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly higher in a cluster characterized by high consumption of energy-dense drinks and white bread and low consumption of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to distinguish food patterns that are related to obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors in contrast with a more healthy pattern conforming with current dietary guidelines. Thus, the results indicate no reason for questioning the current recommendations.
BACKGROUND: Analyzing the impact of the intake of many foods simultaneously provides additional knowledge about analyses of nutrients and might make it easier to implement recommendations for the public. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine food patterns in a Swedish population and determine how they are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: The study is based on data from the INTERGENE population study of women and men aged 25-74 y in western Sweden. Dietary patterns were identified with cluster analysis of 93 food frequencies reported by 3452 participants. Associations with features of the metabolic syndrome, including blood lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures, were analyzed. RESULTS: Five distinct food patterns were identified, of which one was interpreted as a "healthy" reference pattern. This healthy cluster was distinguished by more frequent consumption of high-fiber and low-fat foods and lower consumption of products rich in fat and sugar. The 4 other clusters differed significantly from the reference cluster with respect to prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. For example, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly higher in a cluster characterized by high consumption of energy-dense drinks and white bread and low consumption of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to distinguish food patterns that are related to obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors in contrast with a more healthy pattern conforming with current dietary guidelines. Thus, the results indicate no reason for questioning the current recommendations.
Authors: Jennifer A Nettleton; Nena Matijevic; Jack L Follis; Aaron R Folsom; Eric Boerwinkle Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2010-04-29 Impact factor: 5.162
Authors: Andrew B Boucher; E A Omoluyi Adesanya; Ibiye Owei; Ashley K Gilles; Sotonte Ebenibo; Jim Wan; Chimaroke Edeoga; Samuel Dagogo-Jack Journal: Metabolism Date: 2015-06-06 Impact factor: 8.694
Authors: Anne Lise Brantsaeter; Margaretha Haugen; Sven Ove Samuelsen; Hanne Torjusen; Lill Trogstad; Jan Alexander; Per Magnus; Helle Margrete Meltzer Journal: J Nutr Date: 2009-04-15 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Anna Aminoff; Helena Ledmyr; Petra Thulin; Kerstin Lundell; Leyla Nunez; Elisabeth Strandhagen; Charlotte Murphy; Ulf Lidberg; Jukka Westerbacka; Anders Franco-Cereceda; Jan Liska; Lars Bo Nielsen; Mats Gåfvels; Maria Nastase Mannila; Anders Hamsten; Hannele Yki-Järvinen; Dag Thelle; Per Eriksson; Jan Borén; Ewa Ehrenborg Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2010-01 Impact factor: 5.922