Compartment syndrome after surgery in the lithotomy position.

Compartment syndrome developed in five patients after prolonged surgery in the lithotomy position. Four different surgeons performed the operations. Serious morbidity resulted from the syndrome and could have been prevented by consideration of the factors that predispose to its development: tight bindings; direct pressure on the calves; and prolonged time in the lithotomy position. The pathogenesis of compartment syndrome in this group of patients is discussed.