Cell cycle- and growth phase-dependent variations in size distribution, antibody productivity, and oxygen demand in hybridoma cultures.

Simultaneous determination of cell size and DNA content of hybridomas (HB-32) revealed a direct correlation between average cell volume and progression through the cell cycle. Pseudocontinuous experiments showed that G(1) cells, as estimated from cell size measurements, secreted monoclonal antibody at rates higher than those of cells in other stages of interphase and mitosis. Similarly, fed-batch and batch experiments suggested that specific oxygen uptake rate (qO(2)) is also a function of cell cycle, being minimum for cells in G(0) and G(1) phase. In batch cultures, HB-32 showed a rapid decrease in oxygen uptake rate (OUR) just prior to reaching maximum cell concentration. The OUR steadily increased from 0.01-0.05 to 0.5-0.7 mmol O(2)/L h as the cells went from the lag to the midexponential phase. The qO(2) increased from 0.3 x 10(-10)-0.9 x 10(-10) mmol O(2)/cell h at inoculation to 3.3 x 10(-10)-3.7 x 10(-10) mmol O(2)/cell h during the early exponential phase where it remained relatively constant. Several hours before maximum cell concentration was reached, OUR and qO(2) rapidly decreased to levels below those observed at inoculation. The time at which the shift in OUR and qO(2) occurred and the onset of decrease in the average cell size corresponded to the time of glutamine depletion. Based on monitoring OUR on-line in batch cultures, glutamine was supplemented, resulting in increased cell concentration, extension of culture viability, and increased MAb concentration.