BACKGROUND: To determine the potential sensitivity of several renal function tests for detecting early changes in renal function, we compared the within-individual (W-I) variation over 5 months of serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and creatinine clearance. METHODS: On 31 healthy subjects, blood and timed urine specimens were collected once each month to get 6 collections. Creatinine (enzymatic) in serum and urine and cystatin C (immunonephelometric) in serum were measured and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by creatinine clearance and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation were calculated. To compare W-I variations between different creatinine methods, we also measured creatinine by both enzymatic and kinetic alkaline picrate methods on 15 sets of frozen samples. RESULTS: For the 31 volunteers, the mean W-I variations for serum creatinine (5.8%) and cystatin C (5.4%) were both much lower than the W-I variation of creatinine clearance (18.7%). As expected, the MDRD GFR had a similar W-I variation (6.7%) to that of serum creatinine and its values were markedly different than GFR by creatinine clearance. On the 15 sets of frozen samples, the W-I variation of creatinine measured by the enzymatic method (CV 5.2%) was slightly less than by the picrate method (CV 6.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The low W-I variation of both serum cystatin C and serum creatinine suggests that serial measurements of either would detect a changes in renal function earlier than would GFR by creatinine clearance or MDRD equation, which allows reporting only for GFRs<60 ml/min/1.7 m(2). While we measured only creatinine clearance, the large variability, difficulty, and cost of all clearance measurements make them impractical for routine monitoring of patients.
BACKGROUND: To determine the potential sensitivity of several renal function tests for detecting early changes in renal function, we compared the within-individual (W-I) variation over 5 months of serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and creatinine clearance. METHODS: On 31 healthy subjects, blood and timed urine specimens were collected once each month to get 6 collections. Creatinine (enzymatic) in serum and urine and cystatin C (immunonephelometric) in serum were measured and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by creatinine clearance and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation were calculated. To compare W-I variations between different creatinine methods, we also measured creatinine by both enzymatic and kinetic alkaline picrate methods on 15 sets of frozen samples. RESULTS: For the 31 volunteers, the mean W-I variations for serum creatinine (5.8%) and cystatin C (5.4%) were both much lower than the W-I variation of creatinine clearance (18.7%). As expected, the MDRD GFR had a similar W-I variation (6.7%) to that of serum creatinine and its values were markedly different than GFR by creatinine clearance. On the 15 sets of frozen samples, the W-I variation of creatinine measured by the enzymatic method (CV 5.2%) was slightly less than by the picrate method (CV 6.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The low W-I variation of both serum cystatin C and serum creatinine suggests that serial measurements of either would detect a changes in renal function earlier than would GFR by creatinine clearance or MDRD equation, which allows reporting only for GFRs<60 ml/min/1.7 m(2). While we measured only creatinine clearance, the large variability, difficulty, and cost of all clearance measurements make them impractical for routine monitoring of patients.
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Authors: Samuel Dambreville; Arlene B Chapman; Vicente E Torres; Bernard F King; Ashley K Wallin; David H Frakes; Ajit P Yoganathan; Sameera R Wijayawardana; Kirk Easley; Kyongtae T Bae; Marijn E Brummer Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2010-04 Impact factor: 4.668
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