Use of Legal Drugs by Psychiatric Outpatients: Benefits, Costs, and Change.

Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol use by persons with a severe mental illness occurs frequently but is poorly understood. We used qualitative methods to elicit information regarding the functional relationships between legal substance use and its antecedents and consequences. This report summarizes responses provided by 37 psychiatric outpatients who participated in focus groups and key informant interviews regarding the use and functions of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine. We describe major themes regarding positive and negative consequences, triggers for use, change efforts, and offer observations regarding substance use in this under-served population.