BACKGROUND: We recently showed that the multidrug resistance related protein-1 (MRP1) is important for the management of oxidative stress in vascular cells. However, the underlying mechanism and the in vivo relevance of these findings remain elusive. We hypothesize that inside-outside transport of leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) via MRP1 is a substantial proatherogenic mechanism in the vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of MRP1 inhibition and LTC(4) receptor blockade (Cys-LT1 receptor) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: MRP1 is expressed abundantly in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Pharmacological inhibition of MRP1 via MK571 reduces angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species release by 59% (L012 fluorescence) in VSMCs. The release of reactive oxygen species after angiotensin II stimulation also is inhibited by blockade of the Cys-LT1 receptor with montelukast. Incubation of VSMCs with recombined LTC(4) causes enhanced rates of reactive oxygen species and proliferation in wild-type and MRP1(-/-) VSMCs. Accordingly, the LTC(4) release in the cell culture supernatant of MRP1(-/-) VSMCs is significantly decreased compared with wild-type cells. To extend our observations to the in vivo situation, atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a high-cholesterol diet were treated with placebo, the MRP1 inhibitor MK571, or the Cys-LT1 receptor inhibitor montelukast for 6 weeks. Treatment with MK571 or montelukast reduced vascular reactive oxygen species production, significantly improved endothelial function, and ameliorated atherosclerotic plaque generation by 52% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MRP1 and LTC(4) exert proatherosclerotic effects and that both MRP1 and LTC(4) are potentially promising targets for atheroprotective therapy.
BACKGROUND: We recently showed that the multidrug resistance related protein-1 (MRP1) is important for the management of oxidative stress in vascular cells. However, the underlying mechanism and the in vivo relevance of these findings remain elusive. We hypothesize that inside-outside transport of leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) via MRP1 is a substantial proatherogenic mechanism in the vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of MRP1 inhibition and LTC(4) receptor blockade (Cys-LT1 receptor) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS:MRP1 is expressed abundantly in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Pharmacological inhibition of MRP1 via MK571 reduces angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species release by 59% (L012 fluorescence) in VSMCs. The release of reactive oxygen species after angiotensin II stimulation also is inhibited by blockade of the Cys-LT1 receptor with montelukast. Incubation of VSMCs with recombined LTC(4) causes enhanced rates of reactive oxygen species and proliferation in wild-type and MRP1(-/-) VSMCs. Accordingly, the LTC(4) release in the cell culture supernatant of MRP1(-/-) VSMCs is significantly decreased compared with wild-type cells. To extend our observations to the in vivo situation, atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a high-cholesterol diet were treated with placebo, the MRP1 inhibitor MK571, or the Cys-LT1 receptor inhibitor montelukast for 6 weeks. Treatment with MK571 or montelukast reduced vascular reactive oxygen species production, significantly improved endothelial function, and ameliorated atherosclerotic plaque generation by 52% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MRP1 and LTC(4) exert proatherosclerotic effects and that both MRP1 and LTC(4) are potentially promising targets for atheroprotective therapy.
Authors: Cornelius F H Mueller; Marc Ulrich Becher; Sebastian Zimmer; Sven Wassmann; Barbara Keuler; Georg Nickenig Journal: Mol Cell Biochem Date: 2009-08-15 Impact factor: 3.396