BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of paediatric liver disease. Similar to NAFLD in adults, NAFLD in children is associated with obesity and insulin resistance and requires liver histology for diagnosis and staging. However, significant histological differences exist between adult and paediatric NAFLD to warrant caution in extrapolation of adult data. AIM: To review the available data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of paediatric NAFLD. METHODS: Relevant articles were identified by Medline searches using the keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, obesity and children. RESULTS: The rise in childhood obesity has been accompanied by an increase in paediatric NAFLD. Age, gender and race/ethnicity are significant determinants of risk, and sex hormones, insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of paediatric NAFLD. There is no consensus for treatment of NAFLD; however, data suggest that diet, exercise and some pharmacological therapies may be of benefit. CONCLUSIONS: To evaluate and effectively treat paediatric NAFLD, the pathophysiology and natural history of the disease should be clarified and non-invasive methods for screening, diagnosis, and longitudinal assessment developed. Randomized, controlled, double-blind trials of pharmacological therapies in children with biopsy-proven disease are necessary.
BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of paediatric liver disease. Similar to NAFLD in adults, NAFLD in children is associated with obesity and insulin resistance and requires liver histology for diagnosis and staging. However, significant histological differences exist between adult and paediatric NAFLD to warrant caution in extrapolation of adult data. AIM: To review the available data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of paediatric NAFLD. METHODS: Relevant articles were identified by Medline searches using the keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, obesity and children. RESULTS: The rise in childhood obesity has been accompanied by an increase in paediatric NAFLD. Age, gender and race/ethnicity are significant determinants of risk, and sex hormones, insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of paediatric NAFLD. There is no consensus for treatment of NAFLD; however, data suggest that diet, exercise and some pharmacological therapies may be of benefit. CONCLUSIONS: To evaluate and effectively treat paediatric NAFLD, the pathophysiology and natural history of the disease should be clarified and non-invasive methods for screening, diagnosis, and longitudinal assessment developed. Randomized, controlled, double-blind trials of pharmacological therapies in children with biopsy-proven disease are necessary.
Authors: Jeffrey B Schwimmer; Joel E Lavine; Laura A Wilson; Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri; Stavra A Xanthakos; Rohit Kohli; Sarah E Barlow; Miriam B Vos; Saul J Karpen; Jean P Molleston; Peter F Whitington; Philip Rosenthal; Ajay K Jain; Karen F Murray; Elizabeth M Brunt; David E Kleiner; Mark L Van Natta; Jeanne M Clark; James Tonascia; Edward Doo Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2016-08-26 Impact factor: 22.682
Authors: J H Hoofnagle; M L Van Natta; D E Kleiner; J M Clark; K V Kowdley; R Loomba; B A Neuschwander-Tetri; A J Sanyal; J Tonascia Journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther Date: 2013-05-29 Impact factor: 8.171