Real-time blood vessel deformation with bleeding based on particle method.

Many surgical simulators have been developed in various fields; however, there is little consideration about the simulation of blood vessel deformation and bleeding, which is very important for almost all surgical simulators. This paper describes the method how to deform a blood vessel very fast and stably, and to simulate bleeding at the same time. As a result, we could perform the concurrent representation of blood vessel deformation and bleeding in real time with a normal PC.