PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging data suggest that biomarkers of brain injury have potential utility as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic adjuncts in the setting of traumatic and ischemic brain injury. Two approaches are being used, namely, assessing markers of structural damage and quantifying mediators of the cellular, biochemical, or molecular cascades in secondary injury or repair. Novel proteomic, multiplex, and lipidomic methods are also being applied. RECENT FINDINGS: Biochemical markers of neuronal, glial, and axonal damage such as neuron-specific enolase, S100B, and myelin basic protein, respectively, are readily detectable in biological samples such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid and are being studied in patients with ischemic and traumatic brain injury. In addition, a number of studies have demonstrated that novel tools to assess simultaneously multiple biomarkers can provide unique insight such as details on specific molecular participants in cell death cascades, inflammation, or oxidative stress. SUMMARY: Multifaceted cellular, biochemical, and molecular monitoring of proteins and lipids is logical as an adjunct to guiding therapies and improving outcomes in traumatic and ischemic brain injury and we appear to be on the verge of a breakthrough with the use of these markers as diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring adjuncts, in neurointensive care.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging data suggest that biomarkers of brain injury have potential utility as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic adjuncts in the setting of traumatic and ischemic brain injury. Two approaches are being used, namely, assessing markers of structural damage and quantifying mediators of the cellular, biochemical, or molecular cascades in secondary injury or repair. Novel proteomic, multiplex, and lipidomic methods are also being applied. RECENT FINDINGS: Biochemical markers of neuronal, glial, and axonal damage such as neuron-specific enolase, S100B, and myelin basic protein, respectively, are readily detectable in biological samples such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid and are being studied in patients with ischemic and traumatic brain injury. In addition, a number of studies have demonstrated that novel tools to assess simultaneously multiple biomarkers can provide unique insight such as details on specific molecular participants in cell death cascades, inflammation, or oxidative stress. SUMMARY: Multifaceted cellular, biochemical, and molecular monitoring of proteins and lipids is logical as an adjunct to guiding therapies and improving outcomes in traumatic and ischemic brain injury and we appear to be on the verge of a breakthrough with the use of these markers as diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring adjuncts, in neurointensive care.
Authors: Stefania Mondello; Uwe Muller; Andreas Jeromin; Jackson Streeter; Ronald L Hayes; Kevin K W Wang Journal: Expert Rev Mol Diagn Date: 2011-01 Impact factor: 5.225
Authors: Linda Papa; Linnet Akinyi; Ming Cheng Liu; Jose A Pineda; Joseph J Tepas; Monika W Oli; Wenrong Zheng; Gillian Robinson; Steven A Robicsek; Andrea Gabrielli; Shelley C Heaton; H Julia Hannay; Jason A Demery; Gretchen M Brophy; Joe Layon; Claudia S Robertson; Ronald L Hayes; Kevin K W Wang Journal: Crit Care Med Date: 2010-01 Impact factor: 7.598
Authors: J Ko; M Hemphill; Z Yang; E Sewell; Y J Na; D K Sandsmark; M Haber; S A Fisher; E A Torre; K C Svane; A Omelchenko; B L Firestein; R Diaz-Arrastia; J Kim; D F Meaney; D Issadore Journal: Lab Chip Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 6.799