Identification by 2-D DIGE of apoplastic proteins regulated by oligogalacturonides in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are elicitors of plant defence responses released from the homogalacturonan of the plant cell wall during the attack by pathogenic micro-organisms. The signalling pathway mediated by OGs remains poorly understood, and no proteins involved in their signal perception and transduction have yet been identified. In order to shed light into the molecular pathways regulated by OGs, a differential proteomic analysis has been carried out in Arabidopsis. Proteins from the apoplastic compartment were isolated and their expression compared between control and OG-treated seedlings. 2-D gels and difference in gel electrophoresis (DIGE) techniques were used to compare control and treated proteomes in the same gel. The analysis of subcellular proteomes from seedlings allowed the identification of novel and low abundance proteins that otherwise remain masked when total cellular extracts are investigated. The DIGE technique showed to be a powerful tool to overcome the high interexperiment variation of 2-D gels. Differentially expressed apoplastic proteins were identified by MS and included proteins putatively involved in recognition as well as proteins whose PTMs are regulated by OGs. Our findings underscore the importance of cell wall as a source of molecules playing a role in the perception of pathogens and provide candidate proteins involved in the response to OGs.