Last resort for renal transplant recipients, 'restored kidneys' from living donors/patients.

Because of the grave shortage of deceased kidney allografts in Japan, we have embarked on a new source of organs, 'Restored kidneys' from living patients. From January 1991 through September 2006, 42 kidneys (eight benign pathology, eight small renal cancers, eight ureteral cancers, six aneurysms, eight severe nephrotic syndrome from four patients and four ureteral stenosis) were obtained from 38 patients/donors after extensive discussion of treatment modalities and risks. All patients/donors agreed to undergo total nephrectomy. The lesions were removed/repaired ex vivo on the back table, then transplanted. All recipients were notified of all possible risks including donor disease recurrence. One, 5 and 10-year patient survival rates of restored transplant patients were 92.9%, 79.3% and 63.8%, respectively. One, 5 and 10-year graft survival rates of restored kidney transplant patients were 78.6%, 51.8% and 42.7%, respectively. There were no recurrences of small renal cell carcinomas. There was one recurrence of ureteral cancer in the transplanted kidney 15 months after operation. In countries where deceased donors are scarce, such as Japan, the restored kidneys can be a last resort for renal allografts.