BACKGROUND: Accurate outcome prediction in gastroesophageal malignancies is challenging. Acute-phase response proteins (APRPs) have been claimed to be independent prognosticators, although the basis for their association with prognosis remains unexplained. We hypothesized that, similarly to pancreatic and lung cancers, changes in APRPs in gastroesophageal malignancies are associated with cachexia and accelerated angiogenesis. METHODS: C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and transferrin serum levels were evaluated and the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) calculated. These data were compared with concentrations of circulating interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-C and midkine in 96 gastroesophageal cancer patients (49 with cachexia) and 42 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Albumin and CRP levels were altered in the cancer patients, with further CRP elevation in those with cachexia. Transferrin was decreased only in the cachectic patients. The interrelationships between the APRPs were strengthened in cachexia and only then were APRPs correlated with the cytokines elevated in gastroesophageal cancer-related cachexia: IL-6, IL-8, VEGF-A and midkine. GPS corresponded well to transferrin, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF-A and midkine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Cachexia in gastroesophageal cancers is associated with changes in APRP concentrations. This, together with a direct relationship of APRPs with accelerated angiogenesis, may constitute a foundation for the association of APRPs and GPS with outcome in these malignancies.
BACKGROUND: Accurate outcome prediction in gastroesophageal malignancies is challenging. Acute-phase response proteins (APRPs) have been claimed to be independent prognosticators, although the basis for their association with prognosis remains unexplained. We hypothesized that, similarly to pancreatic and lung cancers, changes in APRPs in gastroesophageal malignancies are associated with cachexia and accelerated angiogenesis. METHODS:C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and transferrin serum levels were evaluated and the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) calculated. These data were compared with concentrations of circulating interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-C and midkine in 96 gastroesophageal cancerpatients (49 with cachexia) and 42 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Albumin and CRP levels were altered in the cancerpatients, with further CRP elevation in those with cachexia. Transferrin was decreased only in the cachectic patients. The interrelationships between the APRPs were strengthened in cachexia and only then were APRPs correlated with the cytokines elevated in gastroesophageal cancer-related cachexia: IL-6, IL-8, VEGF-A and midkine. GPS corresponded well to transferrin, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF-A and midkine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS:Cachexia in gastroesophageal cancers is associated with changes in APRP concentrations. This, together with a direct relationship of APRPs with accelerated angiogenesis, may constitute a foundation for the association of APRPs and GPS with outcome in these malignancies.
Authors: Sumanta Dutta; Andrew B C Crumley; Grant M Fullarton; Paul G Horgan; Donald C McMillan Journal: World J Surg Date: 2011-08 Impact factor: 3.352
Authors: Kyung A Kwon; Sung Hyun Kim; Sung Yong Oh; Suee Lee; Jin-Yeong Han; Kyeong Hee Kim; Ri Young Goh; Hong Jo Choi; Ki Jae Park; Mee Sook Roh; Hyo-Jin Kim; Hyuk-Chan Kwon; Jong Hoon Lee Journal: BMC Cancer Date: 2010-05-14 Impact factor: 4.430
Authors: Campbell S D Roxburgh; Jonathan M Salmond; Paul G Horgan; Karin A Oien; Donald C McMillan Journal: J Gastrointest Surg Date: 2009-09-19 Impact factor: 3.452
Authors: R J E Skipworth; D A C Deans; B H L Tan; K Sangster; S Paterson-Brown; D A Brown; M Hunter; S N Breit; J A Ross; K C H Fearon Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2010-01-26 Impact factor: 7.640